There are many proposed classification systems for müllerian anomalies. The American Fertility Society (AFS) Classification from 1988 has been the most recognized and utilized. The advantages of this iconic classification include its simplicity, recognizability, and correlation with clinical pregnancy outcomes. However, the AFS classification has been criticized for its focus primarily on uterine anomalies, with exclusion of those of the vagina and cervix, its lack of clear diagnostic criteria, and its inability to classify complex aberrations. Despite this classification and others, the wide range of müllerian anomalies is still largely unknown and confusing to many providers. Consequently, müllerian anomalies may go undiagnosed for extended periods, receive inappropriate or inadequate surgical interventions, and result in persistent issues such as pain or loss of reproductive function. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine Task Force on Müllerian Anomalies Classification was formed and charged with designing a new classification. The Task Force set goals for a new classification and chose to base it on the iconic AFS classification from 1988 because of its simplicity and recognizability, while expanding and updating it to include all categories of anomalies. In addition, this was recognized as an opportunity to raise awareness of this area of medicine, educate providers and learners, and promote patient advocacy. Presented here is the new American Society for Reproductive Medicine Müllerian Anomalies Classification 2021.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.09.025 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).
Background: The Apolipoprotein E4 isoform (ApoE4), encoded by the APOE gene, stands out as the most influential genetic factor in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The ApoE4 isoform contributes to metabolic and neuropathological abnormalities during brain aging, with a strong correlation observed in APOE4-positive Alzheimer's disease cases between phosphorylated tau burden and amyloid deposition. Despite compelling evidence of APOE-mediated neuroinflammation influencing the progression of tau-mediated neurodegeneration, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
School of Medical & Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Background: Parkinson's disease is an hypokinetic disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPc) region of mid-brain. Dopaminergic degeneration of neurons is considered to be due to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurons mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity etc. Filgrastim has been reported to produce anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory actions in previous studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background: Efforts to genetically reverse C9orf72 pathology have been hampered by our incomplete understanding of the regulation of this complex locus.
Method: We generated five different genomic excisions at the C9orf72 locus in a patient-derived iPSC line and a WT line (11 total isogenic lines), and examined gene expression and pathological hallmarks of C9 FTD/ALS in motor neurons differentiated from these lines. Comparing the excisions in these isogenic series removed the confounding effects of different genomic backgrounds and allowed us to probe the effects of specific genomic changes.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a formidable neurodegenerative challenge, characterized by profound cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, effective disease-modifying therapies are elusive. Recent advances in molecular neuropharmacology have unveiled potential therapeutic targets for AD, offering renewed hope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Oral ALZ-801 (valiltramiprosate), a brain-penetrant agent that inhibits amyloid-oligomer formation is being evaluated in a fully enrolled APOLLOE4 Phase 3 trial in APOE4/4 homozygotes with Early Alzheimer's disease (AD). ALZ-801 effects on plasma AD biomarkers were evaluated in a 104-week Phase 2 study in APOE4-carriers with CSF+ AD biomarkers. APOE4 is a major risk factor for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in AD patients.
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