Cancer biology and molecular genetics of A adenosine receptor.

A adenosine receptor (AAR) is a cell membrane protein, which has been found to be overexpressed in a large number of cancer types. This receptor plays an important role in cancer by interacting with adenosine. Specifically, AAR has a dual nature in different pathophysiological conditions, as it is expressed according to tissue type and stimulated by an adenosine dose-dependent manner. AAR activation leads to tumor growth, cell proliferation and survival in some cases, while triggering cytostatic and apoptotic pathways in others. This review aims to describe the most relevant aspects of AAR activation and its ligands whereas it summarizes AAR activities in cancer. Progress in the field of AAR modulators, with a potential therapeutic role in cancer treatment are reported, as well.