Purpose: Mild to moderate vision loss affects many children and can negatively impact a child's early literacy and academic achievement. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on which factors present in early childhood indicate the need for long-term ophthalmic follow up, particularly in children with a history of perinatal adversity. This study identified the relationship between visual, cognitive, motor and demographic factors at 2 years of age and visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity at 4.5 years of age.
Methods: Five hundred sixteen children identified as being at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia were recruited soon after birth. At 2 years of age, binocular VA, stereoacuity and non-cycloplegic refraction were measured and a clinical neuro-developmental assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) was conducted by a trained examiner. Monocular VA and stereoacuity were measured at 4.5 years of age.
Results: Three hundred twenty-eight children completed both the 2 and 4.5 year vision and neurodevelopmental assessments. Multiple linear regression showed oblique astigmatism and motor function at 2 years were significantly associated with VA at 4.5 years of age, while spherical equivalent refraction, motor scores and stereoacuity at 2 years were significantly associated with stereoacuity at 4.5 years of age. BSID-III motor scores had the best sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (51.5%) for identifying impaired stereoacuity at 4.5 years. However, all measures at 2 years were poorly associated with VA at 4.5 years old.
Conclusion: Vision and neurodevelopmental measures at 2 years were poorly associated with visual function at 4.5 years of age. However, lower scores on tests of motor function at 2 years may be associated with vision abnormalities, particularly reduced stereopsis, at 4.5 years of age and referral for comprehensive vision assessment for these children may be warranted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opo.12910 | DOI Listing |
Bull World Health Organ
December 2019
Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland.
Objective: To determine whether the administration of rectal artesunate by trained community health volunteers before referral to a health-care facility reduces the case fatality rate of severe malaria in young children in hard-to-reach communities in Zambia.
Methods: We implemented a pilot project in Serenje District between July 2017 and July 2018. The project involved: (i) training community health volunteers to administer rectal artesunate to children with suspected severe malaria and refer them to a health facility; (ii) ensuring emergency transport with bicycle ambulances was available; (iii) ensuring adequate drug supplies; and (iv) ensuring health-care workers could treat severe malaria with injectable artesunate.
Nutrients
October 2019
Nutrition Insight Ltd, Surrey KT17 2AA, UK.
In recent years, the gut microbiome has become a focal point of interest with growing recognition that a well-balanced gut microbiota composition is highly relevant to an individual's health status and well-being. Its profile can be modulated by a number of dietary factors, although few publications have focused on the effects of what we drink. The present review performed a systematic review of trials and mechanistic studies examining the effects of tea consumption, its associated compounds and their effects on the gut microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
July 2017
Affiliation Nutritional Insight Limited, Surrey KT17 2AA, UK.
Blanket health messages to lower red meat intakes are being communicated at present. These could have adverse implications on the micronutrient quality of women's diets. The current paper evaluates the nutritional impact of lower red meat intakes on British women's micronutrient intakes and status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Cancer
January 2017
Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675W. 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Background: Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use reduces epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. However, little is known about risk with COC use before the first full-term pregnancy (FFTP).
Methods: This Canadian population-based case-control study (2001-2012) included 854 invasive cases/2139 controls aged ⩾40 years who were parous and had information on COC use.
BMC Med Res Methodol
March 2015
Department of Oncology, National Cancer Research Institute Teenage and Young Clinical Studies Group, 1st Floor Central, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK.
Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is central to research and service planning. Identifying effective, meaningful ways of involvement is challenging. The cohort study 'Do specialist services for teenagers and young adults with cancer add value?' follows young people for three years, examining outcomes associated with specialist care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!