Exploring Nanotechnological Detection Background of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Coral .

Coral reefs are cornerstone of global marine ecosystems, providing shelter for over one third of marine organisms. Currently, along with global warming and increased human activities, large-scale decline of coral reefs has become a severe ecosystem problem, and now quantitative detection of heat shock protein (HSP) gene by nanotechnology has become a research hotspot in this field. However, is one of the most important dominant reef-building corals in Indo- Pacific region, encounter an urgent obstacle on the HSP detection research by nanoscience and nanotechnology for lack of sequence background. Here, we combined PacBio single molecular real-time (SMRT) and HiSeq X Ten sequencing technologies to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing of heat shock proteins in , a reef-building coral dominant in many Indo-Pacific reefs, to annotate them. Thirteen functional heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified using phylogenetic analysis, classified into three subgroups as HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90. HSPs are widely distributed in all animal phyla, having evolved from the last prokaryotic common ancestor. Additionally, phylogenetic and tertiary nanostructure analyses suggested that HSP70 is the most diverse HSP in , with extensive sequence and structure differences indicating adaptations to warming water and suggesting its utility in studies of El Niño and other warming events. A greater understanding of the HSP gene family is likely to also be of value in studies of coral nanotechnological detection that can be used to protect reef ecosystems.