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Dense-core vesicles contain exosomes in secretory cells.
Biophys J
January 2025
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Electronic address:
Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are found in various types of cells, such as neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and chromaffin cells. These vesicles release transmitters, peptides, and hormones to regulate diverse functions, such as the stress response, immune response, behavior, and blood glucose levels. In traditional electron microscopy after chemical fixation, it is often reported that the dense cores occupy a portion of the vesicle towards the center and are surrounded by a clear halo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKey determinants of the dual clamp/activator function of Complexin.
Elife
November 2024
Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
Complexin determines magnitude and kinetics of synchronized secretion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we show that the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix at the C-terminus of Complexin II (CpxII, amino acids 115-134) binds to fusion-promoting SNARE proteins, prevents premature secretion, and allows vesicles to accumulate in a release-ready state in mouse chromaffin cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that an unrelated amphipathic helix functionally substitutes for the C-terminal domain (CTD) of CpxII and that amino acid substitutions on the hydrophobic side compromise the arrest of the pre-fusion intermediate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSomatostatin modulation of initial fusion pores in Ca-triggered exocytosis from mouse chromaffin cells.
J Physiol
August 2024
Department of Neuroscience and Biophysics PhD Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Somatostatin, a peptide hormone that activates G-protein-coupled receptors, inhibits the secretion of many hormones. This study investigated the mechanisms of this inhibition using amperometry recording of Ca-triggered catecholamine secretion from mouse chromaffin cells. Two distinct stimulation protocols, high-KCl depolarization and caffeine, were used to trigger exocytosis, and confocal fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the rise in intracellular free Ca.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamin-2 mutations linked to neonatal-onset centronuclear myopathy impair exocytosis and endocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells.
J Neurochem
September 2024
Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. CONICET. Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Dynamins are large GTPases whose primary function is not only to catalyze membrane scission during endocytosis but also to modulate other cellular processes, such as actin polymerization and vesicle trafficking. Recently, we reported that centronuclear myopathy associated dynamin-2 mutations, p.A618T, and p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeletion of the αδ-1 calcium channel subunit increases excitability of mouse chromaffin cells.
J Physiol
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
High voltage-gated Ca channels (HVCCs) shape the electrical activity and control hormone release in most endocrine cells. HVCCs are multi-subunit protein complexes formed by the pore-forming α and the auxiliary β, αδ and γ subunits. Four genes code for the αδ isoforms.
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