AI Article Synopsis
- Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a severe cancer linked to the HTLV-1 virus, with limited effective treatment options and poor prognosis.
- Current treatments, such as antiviral therapies and monoclonal antibodies, show some responses but often fail to improve overall survival rates for patients.
- Developing targeted therapies that focus on the HTLV-1 proteins and boosting the host's immune response presents a hopeful avenue for better treatment outcomes in ATL.
Article Abstract
Purpose Of The Review: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive chemo-resistant malignancy secondary to HTLV-1 retrovirus. Prognosis of ATL remains dismal. Herein, we emphasized on the current ATL treatment modalities and their drawbacks, and opened up on promising targeted therapies with special focus on the HTLV-1 regulatory proteins Tax and HBZ.
Recent Findings: Indolent ATL and a fraction of acute ATL exhibit long-term survival following antiviral treatment with zidovudine and interferon-alpha. Monoclonal antibodies such as mogamulizumab improved response rates, but with little effect on survival. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation results in long-term survival in one third of transplanted patients, alas only few patients are transplanted. Salvage therapy with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory patients leads to prolonged survival in some of them. ATL remains an unmet medical need. Targeted therapies focusing on the HTLV-1 viral replication and/or viral regulatory proteins, as well as on the host antiviral immunity, represent a promising approach for the treatment of ATL.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11912-021-01138-3 | DOI Listing |
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