Distributed and Localized Dynamics Emerge in the Mouse Neocortex during Reach-to-Grasp Behavior.

A long-standing question in systems neuroscience is to what extent task-relevant features of neocortical processing are localized or distributed. Coordinated activity across the neocortex has been recently shown to drive complex behavior in the mouse, while activity in selected areas is canonically associated with specific functions (e.g., movements in the case of the motor cortex). Reach-to-grasp (RtG) movements are known to be dependent on motor circuits of the neocortex; however, the global activity of the neocortex during these movements has been largely unexplored in the mouse. Here, we characterized, using wide-field calcium imaging, these neocortex-wide dynamics in mice of either sex engaging in an RtG task. We demonstrate that, beyond motor regions, several areas, such as the visual and the retrosplenial cortices, also increase their activity levels during successful RtGs, and homologous regions across the ipsilateral hemisphere are also involved. Functional connectivity among neocortical areas increases transiently around movement onset and decreases during movement. Despite this global phenomenon, neural activity levels correlate with kinematics measures of successful RtGs in sensorimotor areas only. Our findings establish that distributed and localized neocortical dynamics co-orchestrate efficient control of complex movements. Mammals rely on reaching and grasping movements for fine-scale interactions with the physical world. In the mouse, the motor cortex is critical for the execution of such behavior, yet little is known about the activity patterns across neocortical areas. Using the mesoscale-level networks as a model of cortical processing, we investigated the hypothesis that areas beyond the motor regions could participate in RtG planning and execution, and indeed a large network of areas is involved while performing RtGs. Movement kinematics correlates mostly with neural activity in sensorimotor areas. By demonstrating that distributed and localized neocortical dynamics for the execution of fine movements coexist in the mouse neocortex during RtG, we offer an unprecedented view on the neocortical correlates of mammalian motor control.