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Introduction: Tat protein is a trans-activator of HIV-1 genome transcription, with additional functions including the ability to induce the chronic inflammatory process. Natural amino acid polymorphisms in Tat may affect its functional properties and the course of HIV infection. The aim of this work is to analyze the marks of Tat consensus sequences in non-A6 HIV-1 variants characteristic of the Russian Federation, as well as study natural polymorphisms in Tat CRF63_02A6 and subtype B variants circulating in Russia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeasibility, safety and tolerability of estrogen and/or probiotics for improving vaginal health in Canadian African, Caribbean, and Black women: A pilot phase 1 clinical trial.
PLoS One
January 2025
McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background: A dysbiotic vaginal microbiome (VMB) is associated with clinical conditions such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Considering the high prevalence of BV among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) women, we conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label phase 1 clinical trial to determine the feasibility, safety and tolerability of administering low-dose estrogen, probiotics or both in combination to improve vaginal health and decrease HIV-1 susceptibility.
Methods: ACB women aged 18-49 from the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) were randomized to one of four study arms: intravaginal estradiol (Estring©; 7.
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations in low-level viremia patients under antiretroviral therapy in Southwestern China: a cross-sectional study.
J Antimicrob Chemother
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming 650301, China.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in patients with low-level viremia (LLV) in Southwestern China, as it has become a growing challenge in AIDS clinical practice.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. LLV was defined as 50-999 copies/mL of plasma viral load with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months.
Long-term safety of lentiviral or gammaretroviral gene-modified T cell therapies.
Nat Med
January 2025
Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Long-term risks of gene therapy are not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated safety outcomes in 783 patients over more than 2,200 total patient-years of observation from 38 T cell therapy trials. The trials employed integrating gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors to deliver engineered receptors to target HIV-1 infection or cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent declines in HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Africa are often attributed to the expansion of biomedical interventions such as antiretroviral therapy and voluntary medical male circumcision. However, changes in sexual behaviour may also play a critical role. Understanding the relative contributions of these factors is essential for developing strategies to sustain and further reduce HIV transmission.
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