Artificial intelligence has seen an incredibly fast development in recent years. Many novel technologies for property prediction of drug molecules as well as for the design of novel molecules were introduced by different research groups. These artificial intelligence-based design methods can be applied for suggesting novel chemical motifs in lead generation or scaffold hopping as well as for optimization of desired property profiles during lead optimization. In lead generation, broad sampling of the chemical space for identification of novel motifs is required, while in the lead optimization phase, a detailed exploration of the chemical neighborhood of a current lead series is advantageous. These different requirements for successful design outcomes render different combinations of artificial intelligence technologies useful. Overall, we observe that a combination of different approaches with tailored scoring and evaluation schemes appears beneficial for efficient artificial intelligence-based compound design.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1787-8_15 | DOI Listing |
Annu Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; email:
The twenty-first century has brought forth a deluge of theories and data shedding light on the neural mechanisms of motivated behavior. Much of this progress has focused on dopaminergic dynamics, including their signaling properties (how do they vary with expectations and outcomes?) and their downstream impacts in target regions (how do they affect learning and behavior?). In parallel, the basal ganglia have been elevated from their original implication in motoric function to a canonical circuit facilitating the initiation, invigoration, and selection of actions across levels of abstraction, from motor to cognitive operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
January 2025
Department of Health Services Research Management, AI and Digital Health Lab (Centre for Healthcare Innovation Research), City St George's University, London, United Kingdom.
User trust is pivotal for the adoption of digital health systems interventions (DHI). In response, numerous trust-building guidelines have recently emerged targeting DHIs such as artificial intelligence. The common aim of these guidelines aimed at private sector actors and government policy makers is to build trustworthy DHI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTop Cogn Sci
January 2025
Department of Intelligence and Information, Seoul National University.
This study delves into how various musical factors influence the experience of auditory illusions, building on Diana Deutsch's scale illusion experiments and subsequent studies. Exploring the interaction between scale mode and timbre, this study assesses their influence on auditory misperceptions, while also considering the impact of an individual's musical training and ability to discern absolute pitch. Participants were divided into nonmusicians, musicians with absolute pitch, and musicians with relative pitch, and were exposed to stimuli modified across three scale modes (tonal, dissonant, atonal) and two timbres (same, different).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bras Pneumol
January 2025
. Methods in Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Operations Research-MECOR-program, American Thoracic Society/Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Sci Robot
January 2025
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of London, London, UK.
Despite the advances in bionic reconstruction of missing limbs, the control of robotic limbs is still limited and, in most cases, not felt to be as natural by users. In this study, we introduce a control approach that combines robotic design based on postural synergies and neural decoding of synergistic behavior of spinal motoneurons. We developed a soft prosthetic hand with two degrees of actuation that realizes postures in a two-dimensional linear manifold generated by two postural synergies.
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