An intact intestinal barrier is crucial for immune homeostasis and its impairment activates the immune system and may result in chronic inflammation. The epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier are connected by tight junctions, which form an anastomosing network sealing adjacent epithelial cells. Tight junctions are composed of transmembrane and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. Transmembrane tight junction proteins at the apical-lateral membrane of the cell consist of occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and tricellulin. Cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, including zonula occludens, cingulin and afadin, provide a direct link between transmembrane tight junction proteins and the intracellular cytoskeleton. Each individual component of the tight junction network closely interacts with each other to form an efficient intestinal barrier. This review aims to describe the molecular structure of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and to characterize their organization and interaction. Moreover, clinically important biomarkers associated with impairment of gastrointestinal integrity are discussed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9359365 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1996830 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
35kDa SPECIFIC-SIZED HYALURONAN AMELIORATES HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MURINE MODEL OF MODERATE OBESITY.
Matrix Biol
December 2024
Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address:
Obesity is a growing concern in the US and world-wide, associated with an increased risk for several cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, therapeutic interventions to prevent and/or treat MASLD are limited, and research is needed to identify new therapeutic targets. The specific-sized 35kDa fragment of hyaluronan (HA35), has gut protective and anti-inflammatory properties and a previous pilot clinical study reported it is well tolerated in healthy individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of immature choroid plexus in the pathology of model mice and human iPSC-derived organoids with autism spectrum disorder.
Cell Rep
December 2024
Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan. Electronic address:
During gestation, the choroid plexus (ChP) produces protein-rich cerebrospinal fluid and matures prior to brain development. It is assumed that ChP dysfunction has a profound effect on developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms linking immature ChP to the onset of ASD remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpression of claudin-18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis from a German tertiary centre.
Histopathology
December 2024
Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Aims: Anti-claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) therapy was recently approved for the treatment of gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntratesticular creatine maintains spermatogenesis by defining tight junctions.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
One in five couples who wish to conceive is infertile, and half of these couples have male infertility. However, the causes of male infertility are still largely unknown. Creatine is stored in the body as an energy buffer, and the testes are its second-largest reservoir after muscles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral colon-retentive inulin gels protect against radiation-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injury by improving gut homeostasis.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China. Electronic address:
Ionizing radiation-induced injury often occurs in nuclear accidents or large-dose radiotherapy, leading to acute radiation syndromes characterized by hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injuries even to death. However, current radioprotective drugs are only used in hospitals with unavoidable side effects. Here, we heated the aqueous solution of inulin, a polysaccharide dietary fiber, forming colon-retentive gel as a radiation protector in radiotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!