The kidney is one of the target organs that may show health disorders as a result of obesity. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a kidney disease category based on a biopsy diagnosis that may occur secondary to obesity. Detailed clinicopathologic observations of ORG have provided significant knowledge regarding obesity-associated renal complications. Glomerulomegaly with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of perihilar locations is a typical renal histopathologic finding in ORG, which has long been considered to represent a state of single-nephron glomerular hyperfiltration. This hypothesis was recently confirmed in ORG patients by estimating single-nephron glomerular filtration rate using a combined image analysis and biopsy-based stereology. Overshooting in glomerulotubular and tubuloglomerular interactions may lead to glomerular hyperfiltration/hypertension, podocyte failure, tubular protein-traffic overload, and tubulointerstitial scarring, constituting a vicious cycle of a common pathway to the further loss of functioning nephrons and the progression of kidney functional impairment.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.002 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Glomerular diameter is associated with a reduction in urinary protein by treatment with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Clin Exp Nephrol
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
Background: Several clinical trials showed that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have protective effects against chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both patients with and those without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since one of the renoprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors is thought to be amelioration of glomerular hyperfiltration, we hypothesized that an enlarged glomerular diameter, which suggests increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, is associated with a reduction in urinary protein after treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor.
Methods: This study was a retrospective multicentered study including 28 adult patients with CKD who underwent kidney biopsy and were then treated with dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor.
Predicting chronic responses to calcium channel blockade with a virtual population of African Americans with hypertensive chronic kidney disease.
Front Syst Biol
July 2024
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the progressive loss of functional nephrons and hypertension (HTN). Clinical studies demonstrate calcium channel blocker (CCB) therapy mitigates the decline in renal function in humans with essential HTN. However, there are few long-term clinical studies that determine the impact of CCBs in patients with hypertensive CKD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeterogeneous afferent arteriolopathy: a key concept for understanding blood pressure-dependent renal damage.
Hypertens Res
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Hypertension and aging lead to vascular changes in the kidneys, known as nephrosclerosis, which can contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) but aren't always directly linked to renal decline.
- Afferent arteriolopathy, characterized by thickening of blood vessel walls, disrupts kidney blood flow and can cause glomerular hypertension and ischemia, worsening kidney damage over time.
- Recent studies suggest that combining two types of medications—renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASis) and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is)—is more effective than RASis alone for slowing kidney function decline, highlighting the importance of blood pressure management in CKD treatment.
Sparsentan improves glomerular hemodynamics, cell functions, and tissue repair in a mouse model of FSGS.
JCI Insight
September 2024
Departments of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Sparsentan, a dual ET-1 and AngII receptor antagonist, shows stronger antiproteinuric effects than standard treatments like ARBs, highlighting its potential for better kidney protection.
- In studies on healthy and FSGS kidney models, sparsentan improved blood flow, increased glomerular filtration, and preserved essential kidney cells while reducing harmful calcium levels and proteinuria.
- Overall, sparsentan demonstrated significant benefits in kidney structure and function compared to losartan, emphasizing the critical role of ET-1 in treating FSGS.
Fundamental equations and hypotheses governing glomerular hemodynamics.
Front Physiol
August 2024
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the outcome of glomerular hemodynamics, influenced by a series of parameters: renal plasma flow, resistances of afferent arterioles and efferent arterioles (EAs), hydrostatic pressures in the glomerular capillary and Bowman's capsule, and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillary. Although mathematical models have been proposed to predict the GFR at both the single-nephron level and the two-kidney system level using these parameters, mathematical equations governing glomerular filtration have not been well-established because of two major problems. First, the two-kidney system-level models are simply extended from the equations at the single-nephron level, which is inappropriate in epistemology and methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!