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Secondary motor cortex tracks decision value during the learning of a non-instructed task.
Cell Rep
January 2025
Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences (IINS), University Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:
Optimal decision-making depends on interconnected frontal brain regions, enabling animals to adapt decisions based on internal states, experiences, and contexts. The secondary motor cortex (M2) is key in adaptive behaviors in expert rodents, particularly in encoding decision values guiding complex probabilistic tasks. However, its role in deterministic tasks during initial learning remains uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInitiation and maintenance of neuraxial labour analgesia: A narrative review.
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol
September 2024
Department of Anaesthesiology, GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium.
Labour analgesia is a crucial aspect of obstetric anaesthesia, aiming to alleviate pain during childbirth while ensuring maternal and foetal safety. Over the past decade, advancements in labour analgesia techniques have evolved, impacting initiation, maintenance, and outcomes. We emphasize the longstanding importance of epidural analgesia while recognizing the growing significance of combined spinal-epidural and dural puncture epidural techniques for labour initiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, with rising incidence over recent decades. Despite a favorable prognosis, DTC management remains complex, often involving thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. While RAI is crucial for patient outcomes, its efficacy varies, necessitating the identification of predictors for treatment response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaxillomandibular Advancement Safety and Effectiveness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Objective: To provide an updated evaluation of clinical effectiveness and sequelae of maxillomandibular advancement surgery in obstructive sleep apnea.
Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL.
Review Methods: Included studies described patients with obstructive sleep apnea that completed maxillomandibular advancement with any reported sequelae.
Pharmacovigilance insights into medication-induced risk of dural arteriovenous fistula.
Int J Surg
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) pose a significant health threat owing to their high misdiagnosis rate. Case reports suggest that DAVFs or related acute events may follow medication use; however, drug-related risk factors remain unclear. In clinical practice, the concomitant use of multiple drugs for therapy is known as "polypharmacy situations," further increasing the risk of drug-induced DAVF.
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