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Mechanisms of Homoarginine: Looking Beyond Clinical Outcomes.
Acta Physiol (Oxf)
February 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Purpose: Homoarginine (hArg) is an arginine metabolite that has been known for years, but its physiological role in the body remains poorly understood. For instance, it is well known that high hArg concentrations in the blood are protective against several disease states, yet the mechanisms behind these health benefits are unclear. This review compiles what is known about hArg, namely its synthetic pathways, its role in different diseases and conditions, and its proposed mechanisms of action in humans and experimental animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactivation of latent HIV-1 by the glucocorticoid receptor modulator AZD9567.
J Virol
January 2025
Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
One key determinant of HIV-1 latency reversal is the activation of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) by cellular transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. Interestingly, the activity of these two transcription factors can be modulated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Furthermore, the HIV-1 genome contains multiple binding sites for GRs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipopolysaccharide-Neutralizing Peptide Modulates P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Interleukin-1β Release.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci
January 2025
Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing peptides are emerging as new potential therapeutic modalities to treat sepsis and skin infections. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channels (P2X receptors) play a critical role in various biological processes, including inflammation. Recent drug development efforts have significantly focused on the modulation of P2X receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuccessful treatment of a C2 aneurysmal bone cyst with hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate synthetic bone void filler injection: a case report.
J Spine Surg
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, The Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, blood-filled neoplasms causing bone destruction, often requiring resection. However, challenges arise, especially at the cranio-cervical junction, where proximity to critical structures limits removal. Non-surgical options include selective arterial embolization (SAE) as main treatment, while Denosumab and centrifugated bone marrow emerge as experimental alternatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of ceramic synthetic allografts in spine surgery: a narrative review with early basic science and clinic data of novel nanosynthetic bone graft.
J Spine Surg
December 2024
Orthopedic Associates of Hartford, Hartford Hospital Bone and Joint Institute, Hartford, CT, USA.
Background And Objective: As the global population ages, degenerative spinal disorders are on the rise, leading to an increased focus on optimizing spinal fusion therapies. Despite the high success rate of iliac crest bone autografts, their usage is hampered by donor site morbidity and limited supply. The objective of this review is to assess the viability of ceramic-based synthetic materials as alternatives in spinal fusion surgeries.
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