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A weight of evidence review on the mode of action, adversity, and the human relevance of xylene's observed thyroid effects in rats.
Crit Rev Toxicol
January 2025
Product Stewardship, Science & Regulatory, Shell Global Solutions International B.V. The Hague, the Netherlands.
Xylene substances have wide industrial and consumer uses and are currently undergoing dossier and substance evaluation under Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) for further toxicological testing including consideration of an additional neurotoxicological testing cohort to an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity (EOGRT) study. New repeated dose study data on xylenes identify the thyroid as a potential target tissue, and therefore a weight of evidence review is provided to investigate whether or not xylene-mediated changes on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis are secondary to liver enzymatic induction and are of a magnitude that is relevant for neurological human health concerns. Multiple published studies confirm xylene-mediated increases in liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and liver enzymatic induction the oral or inhalation routes, including an increase in uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) activity, the key step in thyroid hormone metabolism in rodents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting image quality of forensic footwear impressions.
Sci Justice
November 2024
Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, 208 Oglebay Hall PO Box 6121, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States. Electronic address:
The ability of a footwear examiner to confidently discern features of importance in a forensic examination is directly related to impression quality. As a result, quality directly impacts the strength an examiner can ascribe to any opinion of source attribution. Despite the importance of image quality during both the analysis and comparison phases of an examination, there is limited research on the estimation, variation, and prediction of footwear impression quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-care towards the end of life: A systematic review and narrative synthesis on access, quality and cost.
Palliat Med
January 2025
Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Background: Policy and practice encourages patients to engage in self-care, with individual patient management and remote monitoring of disease. Much is known of the moderate stage of chronic disease, without a clear understanding of how self-care applies towards the end of life.
Aim: To review the current evidence on practices of self-care in life-limiting conditions and its impacts on healthcare utilisation, quality of life and associated costs.
Influence of climate on desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål, 1775) Plague and migration prediction in tropics.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
Article Synopsis
- The desert locust outbreak that started in the Horn of Africa between 2019-2020 caused significant crop damage in India after a 27-year gap, due to favorable climatic conditions for its spread.
- The study evaluates the likelihood of future locust plagues in India using two statistical models—Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) and Frequency Ratio (FR)—by analyzing nine climatic factors.
- Results indicate that a significant portion (42.7-52.8%) of western and central India is highly suitable for locusts, with certain areas being at higher risk, and the models used showed strong predictive accuracy.
Role of national regime ideology for predicting biodiversity outcomes.
Conserv Biol
August 2024
Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
The rapid decline of global biodiversity has engendered renewed debate about the social, economic, and political factors contributing to it. Specifically, there is little understanding of the role that political ideology within a country (e.g.
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