Viruses
Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca en Tecnologies Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
Published: October 2021
Influenza viruses represent a continuous threat to both animal and human health. The 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic highlighted the importance of a swine host in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategies used to control swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, whose formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide full protection against the virus, allowing its replication, evolution, and adaptation. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, here, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals challenged with the H1N1 influenza A virus. Twenty-eight whole SIV genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing, and differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant nonsynonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected from vaccinated animals, suggesting that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA, and NP proteins, which may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102087 | DOI Listing |
Lancet Microbe
January 2025
Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Background: R21 is a novel malaria vaccine, composed of a fusion protein of the malaria circumsporozoite protein and hepatitis B surface antigen. Following favourable safety and immunogenicity in a phase 1 study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of R21 administered with Matrix-M (R21/MM) against clinical malaria in adults from the UK who were malaria naive in a controlled human malaria infection study.
Methods: In this open-label, partially blinded, phase 1-2A controlled human malaria infection study undertaken in Oxford, Southampton, and London, UK, we tested five novel vaccination regimens of R21/MM.
Prev Vet Med
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate R for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on R through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
January 2025
SynVaccine Ltd, Ramat Hachayal, 3 Golda Meir Street, Science Park, Nes Ziona 7403648, Israel.
Many viruses of the Flaviviridae family, including the Zika virus (ZIKV), are human pathogens of significant public health concerns. Despite extensive research, there are currently no approved vaccines available for ZIKV and specifically no live-attenuated Zika vaccine. In this current study, we suggest a novel computational algorithm for generating live-attenuated vaccines via the introduction of silent mutation into regions that undergo selection for strong or weak local RNA folding or into regions that exhibit medium levels of sequence conservation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
January 2025
School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential impact on Indigenous (First Nations, Métis and Inuit) communities in Canada was a major concern. Evidence from previous pandemics, particularly H1N1, suggested that more cases and poorer outcomes among Indigenous Peoples was likely and that there might be barriers to Indigenous Peoples' vaccination. In this short report we consider the non-vaccination decisions of a sample of unvaccinated Métis Nation of Ontario citizens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
January 2025
Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Purpose: To assess adverse neurological risks following influenza vaccination in older adults.
Methods: Using a linked database of healthcare administrative claims data and vaccination records from an urban city in Japan (April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2020), we conducted an observational study utilizing a self-controlled case series design. We identified individuals aged ≥ 65 years who experienced adverse neurological outcomes, defined as hospitalizations related to epilepsy, paralysis, facial paralysis, neuralgia, neuritis, optic neuritis, migraine, extrapyramidal disorders, Guillain-Barre syndrome, or narcolepsy.
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