Metal ions in sediment are inherent Ca and Fe sources for biochar modification. In this work, the effect of Ca and Fe released from sediment on biochar for phosphorus adsorption was evaluated. Results showed that raw peanut shell biochar (PSB) was poor in phosphorus adsorption (0.48 mg/g); sediment-triggered biochar (S-PSB) exhibited a P adsorption capacity of 1.32 mg/g in capping reactor and maximum adsorption capacity of 10.72 mg/g in the Langmuir model. Sediment released Ca of 2.2-4.1 mg/L and Fe/Fe of 0.2-9.0 mg/L. The metals loaded onto the biochar surface in the forms of Ca-O and Fe-O, with Ca and Fe content of 1.47 and 0.29%, respectively. Sediment metals made point of zero charge (pHpzc) of biochar shifted from 5.39 to 6.46. The mechanisms of enhanced P adsorption by S-PSB were surface complexation of CaHPO followed by precipitation of Ca(PO) and Ca(PO)(OH). Sediment metals induced the modification of biochar and improvement of P adsorption, which was feasible to overcome the shortcomings of biochar on phosphorus control in sediment capping.
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