Comparison of the Effect of Unfractionated Heparin and Enoxaparin Sodium at Different Doses on the Course of COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy.

Background: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) exacerbates the course of coronavirus infection and contributes to increased mortality. Current recommendations for CAC treatment include the use of low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) at prophylactic or therapeutic doses, as well as the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH).

Methods: A randomised, controlled trial enrolled 126 patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19 complicated by CAC. The effects of LMWH at preventive and therapeutic doses and UFH at therapeutic doses on mortality and intubation rates were compared.

Results: The number of intubations and deaths showed no significant difference depending on the anticoagulant therapy used. However, multivariate logistic regression models revealed an increased risk of intubation ( = 0.026, odds ratio (OR) = 3.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-9.59), and an increased risk of death ( = 0.046, OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.02-8.90), for patients treated with LMWH at a prophylactic dose but not at a therapeutic dose as compared to patients treated with UFH when controlling for other risk factors.

Conclusions: The use of unfractionated heparin in the treatment of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy seems to be more effective at reducing the risk of intubation and death than enoxaparin at prophylactic doses.