Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in (Coss.) under Different Abiotic Stresses.

(Coss.) is an aggressive and serious annual grass weed in China. Its DD genome is a rich source of genetic material and performs better under different abiotic stress conditions (salinity, drought, temperature, etc.). Reverse-transcribed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a reliable technique for reference gene selection and validation. This work aimed to evaluate the stability of reference gene expression in under different abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, hot, and cold) and developmental stages (seedling and development). The results show that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 36-like () and protein microrchidia 2-like () are the most stable genes under control and salinity conditions, respectively. Under drought stress conditions, is more stable as compared with others. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase () is the most stable reference gene during heat stress conditions and thioredoxin-like protein () under cold stress condition. Phosphate2A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A () and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 () are the most stable genes at seedling and developmental stages. Intracellular transport protein () is recommended as the most stable gene under different abiotic stresses and at developmental stages. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of and under different levels of salinity and drought stress conditions varied with the most ( and ) and least ( and ) stable genes. This study provides reliable reference genes for understanding the tolerance mechanisms in under different abiotic stress conditions.