Vocal communication is an important modality for group-living primates inhabiting dense forest habitats that can hinder visual and olfactory signals. Nevertheless, research on primate vocalizations has historically focused on a narrow subset of haplorhine taxa; comparatively few studies have been focused on strepsirrhines, despite facing similar ecological and social challenges. Ruffed lemurs (Varecia)-a taxon known for their raucous calls-are rainforest specialists that exhibit strong fission-fusion dynamics and communally rear large litters of young. However, surprisingly few studies have examined Varecia vocalizations in the wild, meaning virtually nothing is known about the call types or how they facilitate their unique social and reproductive strategies. Our goal for this study was to examine how various contextual factors such as weather, behavioral state, and subgroup size and composition affected vocal activity across call types in wild black-and-white ruffed lemurs. We conducted focal follows on 31 individuals (two communities) in Mangevo (Ranomafana National Park) from May-August 2019 to record behavioral and vocal activity. We distinguished 11 call types, although three (hum, roar-shriek, chatter) constituted the majority of vocal activity. Calling rates were consistent throughout the day, but decreased with high rainfall. We found sex- and subgroup-specific differences in call usage, likely related to female dominance and subgroup composition, respectively. We identified behavioral contexts that some call types were consistently given in; this can be used to help infer call function. This study provides some of the first quantitative analyses of ruffed lemur vocal communication and lays the groundwork for more systematic hypothesis testing in future studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-021-00956-0 | DOI Listing |
J Low Genit Tract Dis
January 2025
Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.
Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.
Equine Vet J
January 2025
Richard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Background: There is a shortage of equine veterinarians. Understanding what factors are associated with job satisfaction in equine veterinarians can inform interventions to increase retention in equine medicine.
Objective: To explore the prominent factors causing work dissatisfaction and burnout in equine veterinarians.
Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl)
January 2025
Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the non-clinical challenges of physicians in northern India and to re-imagine an alternative scenario of hybrid professional medical management and leadership where physicians enact roles as strategic boundary spanners.
Design/methodology/approach: In this qualitative study, 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and women physicians and thematically analysed.
Findings: Physicians reported that they were unprepared formally for mainly ad hoc non-clinical responsibilities.
Biochem Genet
January 2025
Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522, Athens, Greece.
The tumor microenvironment has a significant input on prognosis and also for predicting clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. However, tumor tissue is not always available, thus, rendering peripheral blood a preferable alternative in the search for prognostic and predictive gene signatures. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes a quite heterogeneous disease characterized by poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Radiol
January 2025
University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Purpose: To evaluate radiology residents' ability to accurately identify three specific types of orthopedic trauma using radiographic imaging within a simulated on-call environment.
Methods: We utilized the Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Emergent/Critical Care Radiology Simulation (WIDI SIM) to assess residents' preparedness for independent radiology call. The simulation included 65 cases, with three focusing on orthopedic trauma: sacral ala, femoral neck, and pediatric tibial/Toddler's fractures.
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