Anti-Inflammatory Azaphilones from the Edible Alga-Derived Fungus .

To discover the new medical entity from edible marine algae, our continuously natural product investigation focused on endophytes from marine macroalgae sp. Two new azaphilones, 8a--hypocrellone A (), 8a--eupenicilazaphilone C (), together with five known azaphilones, hypocrellone A (), eupenicilazaphilone C (), ((1,3)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (), sclerotiorin (), and isochromophilone IV () were isolated from the alga-derived fungus . The structures of isolated azaphilones (-) were elucidated by spectrometric identification, especially HRESIMS, CD, and NMR data analyses. Concerning bioactivity, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis activities of those isolates were evaluated. As a result, compound showed selective toxicity toward neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y among seven cancer and one fibroblast cell lines. 20 μM of compounds , , and inhibited the TNF-α-induced NFκB phosphorylation but did not change the NFκB activity. Compounds and respectively promoted and inhibited SMAD-mediated transcriptional activities stimulated by TGF-β.