The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil using pentavalent antimony (Sb) is associated with a high failure rate and long time to heal. Moreover, standard Sb treatment cures only 50-60% of the cases. In this pilot clinical trial, we evaluated the topical use of bacterial cellulose (BC) bio-curatives + Sb in the treatment of CL caused by L. braziliensis, in Bahia, Brazil. A total of 20 patients were randomized in two groups assigned to receive either parenteral Sb alone or parenteral Sb plus topically applied BC bio-curatives. CL patients treated with Sb + topical BC bio-curatives had a significantly higher cure rate at 60 days post initiation of treatment compared to CL patients treated with Sb alone (P=0.01). At day 90 post initiation of treatment, cure rate was similar in the two groups as was overall healing time. Adverse effects or local reactions to topical BC application were not observed. This pilot trial shows that the potential use of a combined therapy consisting of topical BC bio-curatives and parenteral Sb in favoring healing of CL lesions caused by L. braziliensis, at an early time point.
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