Adenovirus viremia after T-cell depleted allo-transplant in adults: low lymphocyte counts are associated with uncontrolled viremia and fatal outcomes. | LitMetric
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Published: February 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The incidence of adenovirus viremia and the role of screening in preventing adenovirus disease in adult transplant recipients are not well defined. Between January 2017 and May 2020, 262 allogeneic transplants were performed using T-cell depletion. Adenovirus viremia was found in 59 patients for a cumulative incidence of 10% by one hundred days and 23% (95% CI 20-26%) by one year. There was a higher incidence of viremia associated with cord blood transplant ( = .04). No other patient, donor or transplant characteristics were identified that predicted for viremia. In 47 patients (80%), viremia remained well below 200,000 copies/mL and resolved. Twelve patients developed high level viremia. Treatment with antivirals and in some cases adoptive cell therapy, was often ineffective and only two survived. Low lymphocyte count at initial detection of adenovirus viremia was the best predictor of uncontrolled disease.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are an established vaccine platform and can be strong immunogens capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses against a range of pathogens. Here, we show by cryo-electron microscopy that VLPs of Mayaro virus, which contain envelope glycoproteins E1-E2 and capsid, exhibit an architecture that closely resembles native virus. In contrast to monomeric and soluble envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein, both VLPs as well as the adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platforms expressing the equivalent envelope glycoproteins E1-E2, and capsid induced highly neutralising antibodies after immunisation.
A 5-day-old neonate was admitted with chest radiograph showing right-lung opacification. This, together with a severe adenovirus (AdV) viremia (11.8 million copies/mL), indicated severe adenovirus pneumonitis.
Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China.
Background: HAdV-7 is a prevalent pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in children. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in serum levels of vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) and viral load in pediatric patients with fatal HAdV-7 infection, suggesting potential damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Group for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Infection & Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, CB22/06/00035), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
The review analyzed the prevalence of viraemia in infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, involving a systematic search of articles published before May 23, 2024.
A total of 202 articles were studied, finding a 34% prevalence of viraemia in SARS-CoV-2 cases and a range of 6% to 65% for other viruses.
The study highlighted that viraemia correlates with greater disease severity and can lead to long-term issues like memory problems and diminished quality of life, suggesting its significance in understanding respiratory viral infections.
