AI Article Synopsis
- The study aims to measure the intrinsic rate of degree of conversion (DC) in dental resin-based composites at different light irradiances, identify the maximum transition time, and compare these findings with shrinkage strain.
- Using a specific type of light-curing unit, researchers tested samples at irradiance levels of 890 mW/cm and 209 mW/cm, measuring DC in real-time and analyzing data through a phenomenological model.
- Results showed that the transition times differed significantly between the two irradiance levels, with associated maximum linear strain rates, highlighting potential challenges for monitoring fast photo-polymerization kinetics above 1000 mW/cm.
Article Abstract
Objectives: This study: 1) aims to measure with high temporal resolution the intrinsic rate of the degree of conversion (DC) of a dental resin-based composite (RBC) photo-cured at two irradiances; 2) aims to determine the transition time at which the DC rate is maximum; 3) used two different irradiances to measure the shift in transition time; 4) aims to compare transition times measured using DC and shrinkage strain.
Methods: Samples (n = 20) 1 mm thick by 10 mm diameter of Filtek One bulk-fill restorative A2 shade (3M Oral Care) were photocured for 20 s with a single emission peak (wavelength centered at 455 nm) light-emitting-diode-based light-curing unit at irradiance levels of 890 mW/cm and 209 mW/cm, and initial sample temperature of T = 23 °C. The DC was measured in real-time using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy with a sampling rate of 13 DC data points per second. The data were analyzed within a phenomenological autocatalytic model. In addition, the axial shrinkage strain was measured using 3 samples of the RBC with the same outer dimensions and under similar experimental conditions using the bonded disk method and an interferometric technique.
Results: For the 890 mW/cm and 209 mW/cm irradiance levels, the DC with time was found to agree with the model enabling the determination of transition times of 0.66 ± 0.05 s and 2.3 ± 0.2 s, and the DC at these times of 5.5 ± 0.2% and 6.4 ± 0.2%. The maximum linear strain rate at 0.76 ± 0.01 s and 1.98 ± 0.02 s for the 890 mW/cm and 209 mW/cm irradiance levels, respectively, are within two standard deviations of the corresponding transition times.
Significance: At an irradiance level much greater than 1000 mW/cm, the photo-polymerization kinetics of a dental RBC may be too fast to be measured accurately using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. A viable alternative to monitor the kinetics is through the measurements of the axial shrinkage strain employing the bonded disk method and an interferometric technique.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104884 | DOI Listing |
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