Nitrene transfers mediated by natural and artificial iron enzymes.

Amines are ubiquitous in biology and pharmacy. As a consequence, introducing N functionalities in organic molecules is attracting strong continuous interest. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of very efficient and selective catalytic systems achieving this goal thanks to engineered hemoproteins. In this review, we examine how these enzymes have been engineered focusing rather on the rationale behind it than the methodology employed. These studies are put in perspective with respect to in vitro and in vivo nitrene transfer processes performed by cytochromes P450. An emphasis is put on mechanistic aspects which are confronted to current molecular knowledge of these reactions. Forthcoming developments are delineated.