Genetic analysis of human papilloma virus 16 E6/E7 variants obtained from cervical cancer cases in Chhattisgarh, a central state of India.

Human papilloma virus genotype 16 (HPV-16), a predominant etiological cause of cervical cancer (CC) vary in inflicting oncogenicity according to their geographical distribution and mutational changes. With no published data from central India, the present study aimed to genetically analyze HPV-16 E6/E7 variant obtained from CC women of Chhattisgarh. In twenty one CC patients, PCR amplified E6/E7 genes were decoded by DNA sequencing to study phylogenetic relatedness, mutational changes and their in-silico effect on protein structure. E6 analysis revealed nineteen sequences exhibited intratypic variation. L83V mutation was observed in 76.2% sequences followed by S71C seen in 28.6% sequences. Mutations of E41G, A46G, F47V, R77S, L99V and Q107K were observed in three sequences each. C140 Stop codon mutation has caused early truncation of E6 in three sequences to produce the conformational structural change. In contrast, E7 was relatively more conserved showing D4E (4.7%), G88R (23.8%), I93T (9.5%) and C94S (9.5%) mutations. Other than L83V and S71C, E6 and E7 mutations were reported for the first time from India. E6/E7 nonsynonmous mutations have a spectrum of biological effect in progression of CC. Phylogenetic analysis revealed ten sequence belonged to Asian while eleven to European sublineage to show CC cases in Chhattisgarh are a mix of Asian and European lineage. Asian sequences showing higher frequency of L83V mutations and exclusive presence of S71C and C140 Stop codon mutations may be linked with higher oncogenicity. Various E6/E7 mutational data may prove useful for development of better diagnostic and vaccine for the region of Chhattisgarh.