Vegetables may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes. AmpC β-lactamases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) inactivate commonly used β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. In this study, we determined the prevalence of AmpC and ESBL-producing in retail vegetables in the United States. A total of 88 vegetable samples were collected for the screening of AmpC and ESBL-producing using CHROMagar ESBL agar. These vegetables included washed ready-to-eat salad (23), microgreens/sprouts (13), lettuce (11), herbs (11), spinach (5), mushrooms (5), brussels sprouts (4), kale (3), and other vegetable samples (13). AmpC and ESBL activity in these isolates were determined using double disk combination tests. Two vegetable samples (2.27%), organic basil and brussels sprouts, were positive for AmpC-producing and eight samples (9.09%), including bean sprouts, organic parsley, organic baby spinach, and several mixed salads, were positive for ESBL-producing Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the bacterial species and resistance genes in these isolates. Genes encoding AmpC β-lactamases were found in strains S43-1 and 74-2, which were consistent with AmpC production phenotypes. Multidrug-resistant strains S11-1, S17-1, and S45-4 possess an ESBL gene, , whereas five isolates contain genes encoding a minor ESBL, FONA-5. In addition, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach to examine the microbiome and resistome profiles of three spinach samples. We found that was the most prevalent bacteria genus in the spinach samples. Within the family, was the most abundant genus in the spinach samples. Moreover, antibiotic resistance genes encoding 12 major classes of antibiotics, including β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycoside, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and others, were found in these spinach samples. Therefore, vegetables can serve as an important vehicle for transmitting antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the need for antibiotic resistance surveillance in vegetable products.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108559 | DOI Listing |
Food Chem
January 2025
The Grainger College of Engineering, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address:
Inorganic nanozymes hold promise for biomolecule sensing but face challenges like complex fabrication, toxicity, and low sustainability, limiting their use. To overcome these, a sustainable organic nanozyme (OA nanozyme) was created using amino acids and a biocompatible polymer for effective histamine detection. The OA nanozyme exhibits peroxidase-like activity and was fabricated through a single chelation/polymer entanglement method, enabling rapid production (within 3 h) with uniform morphology (≤100 nm diameter) and a negative surface charge at neutral pH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada.
Agricultural soil environments contain different types of nematodes in all trophic levels that aid in balancing the soil food web. Beneficial free-living nematodes (FLNs) consist of bacterivores, fungivores, predators, and omnivores that help in the mineralization of the soil and the top-down control of harmful plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Annually, USD 125 billion in worldwide crop losses are caused by PPNs, making them a plant pathogen of great concern for growers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sci Food Agric
January 2025
Department of Food Technology, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
Background: Understanding the size and surface charge (ζ-potential) of particles in the mixed micellar fraction produced by in vitro digestion is crucial to understand their cellular absorption and transport. The inconsistent presentation of micellar size data, often limited to average particle diameter, makes comparison of studies difficult. The present study aimed to assess different size data representations (mean particle diameter, relative intensity- or volume-weighted size distribution) to better understand physiological mixed micelle characteristics and to provide recommendations for size reporting and sample handling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Sonochem
January 2025
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA. Electronic address:
Ultrasound technology has been increasingly explored as an eco-friendly method to improve the microbial safety of leafy greens. However, its effect on produce quality is critical, and considerable knowledge gaps remain in this area. The present study examined the response of leafy greens to ultrasound treatment as shown by tissue damage and sensory quality, using a novel multifrequency, multimode, modulated (MMM) system to address the issue of nonuniform ultrasound field distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Res
January 2025
Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address:
The phyllosphere microbiome can positively or negatively impact plant health and growth, but we currently lack the tools to control microbiome composition. Contributing to a growing collection of bacteriophages (phages) targeting bacteria living in the wheat phyllosphere, we here isolate and sequence eight novel phages targeting common phyllosphere Erwinia and Pseudomonas strains, including two jumbo phages. We characterize genomic, phylogenetic, and morphological traits from these phages and argue for establishing four novel viral genera.
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