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Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disease burden and shows a marked sexual dimorphism. Previous studies reported changes in cerebral perfusion in MDD, an association between perfusion and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, and large sex differences in perfusion. This study examines whether perfusion and DHEAS might mediate the link between sex and depressive symptoms in a large, unmedicated community sample.
Methods: The sample included 203 healthy volunteers and 79 individuals with past or current MDD. Depression severity was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). 3 T MRI perfusion data were collected with a pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling sequence and DHEAS was measured in serum by LC-MS/MS.
Results: Large sex differences in perfusion were observed (p < 0.001). Perfusion was negatively correlated with DHEAS (r = -0.23, p < 0.01, n = 250) and with depression severity (HAM-D: r = -0.17, p = 0.01, n = 242; partial Spearman correlation, controlling for age and sex), but not with anxiety. A significant sex*perfusion interaction on depression severity was observed. In women, perfusion showed more pronounced negative correlations with depressive symptoms, with absent or, in the case of the MADRS, opposite effects observed in men. A mediation analysis identified DHEAS and perfusion as mediating variables influencing the link between sex and the HAM-D score.
Conclusion: Perfusion was linked to depression severity, with the strongest effects observed in women. Perfusion and the neurosteroid DHEAS appear to mediate the link between sex and HAM-D scores, suggesting that inter-individual differences in perfusion and DHEAS levels may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in depression.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102840 | DOI Listing |
Pathology
November 2024
Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lunds Universitet, Klinisk Patologi & Medicinsk Service, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
Optimal blood flow through a patent cerebral circulation is critical for supply of oxygen and nutrients for brain function. The integrity of vascular elements within arterial vessels of any calibre can be compromised by various disease processes. Pathological changes in the walls of veins and the venous system may also alter the dynamics of cerebral perfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan J Anaesth
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Purpose: Safe perioperative management of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is crucial. Remimazolam is a newly developed short-acting benzodiazepine. We hypothesized that combining remimazolam and flumazenil would reduce emergence time compared with sevoflurane in patients undergoing general anesthesia for TAVI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAJNR Am J Neuroradiol
December 2024
From the Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (C.Y.H.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (N.S., G.A., Q.W., P.C., M.A., J.G.P., B.R.G., P.R.T., G.D.H.), Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (E.C., P.R.T., S.A.P.), Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (P.R.T., S.A.P.), and the Department of Radiology at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA (S.F.K.).
Background And Purpose: There are multiple MRI perfusion techniques, with limited available literature comparing these techniques in the grading of pediatric brain tumors. For efficiency and limiting scan time, ideally only one MRI perfusion technique can be used in initial imaging. We compared DSC, DCE, and IVIM along with ADC from DWI for differentiating high versus low grade pediatric brain tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, 3D Dynamic Cell Culture Systems Laboratory, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor, with an average survival time of 14 to 20 months. Its capacity to invade brain parenchyma leads to the failure of conventional treatments and subsequent tumor recurrence. Recent studies have explored new therapeutic strategies using a chemoattracting gradient to attract GBM cells into a soft hydrogel trap where they can be exposed to higher doses of radiation or chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Diagnostic Imaging, St. Marina University Hospital, Varna, BGR.
Recent advancements in arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI have significantly improved our understanding of cerebral perfusion in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, the focus has been on regional perfusion deficits corresponding to specific neural pathologies. However, this localized approach may overlook the influence of global cerebral blood flow alterations.
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