AI Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed stream sediment contamination from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) around mining, quarrying, and agricultural sites in Akamkpa, Southeastern Nigeria, using ICP MS techniques.
- Mean concentrations of barium and lead exceeded average shale content, with chromium surpassing Canadian sediment quality guidelines and lead matching US EPA benchmarks.
- The research highlighted significant correlations between several PTEs and indicated varying pollution levels, with agriculture sites showing the highest contamination, reflecting the need for comprehensive environmental monitoring and assessment.
Article Abstract
This study assessed the contamination of streams with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments around mining, quarrying, and cultivation areas in Akamkpa and environs Southeastern Nigeria. Analysis done using ICP MS technique shows that barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) recorded mean concentrations above their average shale content (ASC) in stream sediments. Chromium (Cr) exceeded Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Guideline (ISQG) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) screening benchmark value. Pb exceeded Canadian ISQG value but tallies with USEPA benchmark value. Pearson's correlation exhibited significant correlation (p < 0.01) of molybdenum (Mo) with copper (Cu) and Pb; Cu with Pb, vanadium (V), and Ba; V with Cu, Pb, iron (Fe), Ba, and beryllium (Be); and Fe with Be and V. Principal component (PC 1) consists of Pb, Mo, cobalt (Co), Cu, arsenic (As), Cr, V, and nickel (Ni) and showed significant correlation. Geo accumulation index (I-geo) values for Mo, Cu, V, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, and Ba fall under unpolluted (0) to moderately polluted (1-2) classes. Maximum enrichment factor (EF) values show extremely high and significant enrichment of Ba and Pb in few locations. Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn possess maximum EF values classified as moderate enrichment. Ni, Mo, As, and V obtained maximum EF values classified as depleted to minimal enrichment. Modified pollution index (MPI) values showed high PTEs contamination in mostly cultivation locations. Single element potential ecological risk (ER) mean values trend ER (As) > ER (Pb) > ER (Co) > ER (Cr) > ER (Cu) > ER (V) > ER (Ni) > ER (Zn). Comprehensive potential ecological risk (RI) shows medium risk "B" and strong risk "C" levels in few locations. The use of multiple pollution indices such as I-geo, EF, ER, and RI in pollution assessment indicated similar trend of PTEs contamination of stream sediments. Levels of PTEs contamination are elevated in cultivation areas more than in granite quarrying and mining areas. This study serves as a benchmark for conducting suitable environmental management strategies to scientists in Nigeria and other parts of the world.
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