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Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface. | LitMetric

Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.

Published: October 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • In northern Senegal, research combining various analytical methods reveals that the transmission dynamics of schistosome hybrids indicate a higher likelihood of spreading in human populations compared to their non-hybrid counterparts.
  • Cattle are identified as the primary zoonotic reservoir for hybrid schistosomes, suggesting that as schistosomiasis in humans approaches elimination, the risk of zoonotic transmission will likely rise.

Article Abstract

Zoonotic spillover and hybridization of parasites are major emerging public and veterinary health concerns at the interface of infectious disease biology, evolution, and control. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the genus, and the spp. system within Africa represents a key example of a system where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled formation of hybrids. Combining model-based approaches and analyses of parasitological, molecular, and epidemiological data from northern Senegal, a region with a high prevalence of schistosome hybrids, we aimed to unravel the transmission dynamics of this complex multihost, multiparasite system. Using Bayesian methods and by estimating the basic reproduction number ( ), we evaluate the frequency of zoonotic spillover of from livestock and the potential for onward transmission of hybrid × offspring within human populations. We estimate of hybrid schistosomes to be greater than the critical threshold of one (1.76; 95% CI 1.59 to 1.99), demonstrating the potential for hybridization to facilitate spread and establishment of schistosomiasis beyond its original geographical boundaries. We estimate for to be greater than one in cattle (1.43; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.85) but not in other ruminants, confirming cattle as the primary zoonotic reservoir. Through longitudinal simulations, we also show that where and are coendemic (in livestock and humans respectively), the relative importance of zoonotic transmission is predicted to increase as the disease in humans nears elimination.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521685PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110711118DOI Listing

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