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Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis.
Front Immunol
March 2024
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
serovar Typhi (. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In Santiago, Chile, where typhoid had been hyperendemic (1977-1991), we investigated whether residual chronic carriers could be detected among household contacts of non-travel-related typhoid cases occurring during 2017-2019.
Methods: Culture-confirmed cases were classified as autochthonous (domestically acquired) versus travel/immigration related. Household contacts of cases had stool cultures and serum Vi antibody measurements to detect chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers.
Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens: Insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Typhi genomes.
Elife
September 2023
Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000).
Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch.
Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi provides evidence of phylogenetic linkage between cases of typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile in the 1980s and 2010-2016.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
June 2022
Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- Typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile saw a drastic reduction in cases from 128-220 per 100,000 people in the 1980s to less than 8 per 100,000 from the 1990s onwards due to targeted public health interventions.
- Whole genome sequencing was used to compare the S. Typhi bacteria from the hyperendemic period of the 1980s to that of the nonendemic 2010s, revealing that the genotypes causing illness remained largely unchanged.
- The persistence of certain historical genotypes suggests that chronic carriers from the 1980s may be responsible for the reoccurrence of the same strains, demonstrating a link between past and present typhoid cases
Historical overview and update on relapsing fever group Borrelia in Latin America.
Parasit Vectors
June 2022
Latin American Group for the Study of Ornithodoros-borne Borrelioses (Grupo Latinoamericano Para el Estudio de Borreliosis Transmitidas Por Ornithodoros [GLEBTO]), Bogotá, Colombia.
Relapsing fever group Borrelia (RFGB) are motile spirochetes transmitted to mammalian or avian hosts through the bite of hematophagous arthropods, such as soft ticks (Argasidae), hard ticks (Ixodidae) and the human clothing lice. RFGB can infect pets such as dogs and cats, as well as birds, cattle and humans. Borrelia recurrentis, B.
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