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Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic.
Hepatology
January 2025
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecruiting Young People for Digital Mental Health Research: Lessons From an AI-Driven Adaptive Trial.
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Background: With increasing adoption of remote clinical trials in digital mental health, identifying cost-effective and time-efficient recruitment methodologies is crucial for the success of such trials. Evidence on whether web-based recruitment methods are more effective than traditional methods such as newspapers, media, or flyers is inconsistent. Here we present insights from our experience recruiting tertiary education students for a digital mental health artificial intelligence-driven adaptive trial-Vibe Up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk of Home Falls Among Older Adults After Acute Care Hospitalization: A Cohort Study.
J Trauma Nurs
January 2025
Author Affiliations: Trauma Prevention Program, UC Davis Medical Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California (Dr Adams); Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California (Dr Tancredi); Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California (Drs Bell and Catz); and Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California (Dr Romano).
Background: Acute care hospitalization has been associated with older adult home falls after discharge, but less is known about the effects of hospital- and patient-related factors on home fall risk.
Objectives: This study compares the effects of hospital length of stay, medical condition, history of falls, and home health care on period rates of home falls after discharge from acute care hospitalization.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing period rates of home injury falls among older adults (age ≥ 65) occurring after discharge from an acute care hospitalization.
Reaccreditation and Pathways Recognition Experiences of Small Local and Tribal Health Departments.
J Public Health Manag Pract
November 2024
Author Affiliations: Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Allen and Crenshaw); Department of Health Policy and Organization, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (Fifolt); School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (Erwin); Research and Evaluation, Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, Virginia (Lang, Belflower Thomas, and Kuehnert); and Lipstein Distinguished Professor of Public Health, Prevention Research Center, Brown School, and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Brownson).
Context: This paper describes experiences and views of leadership teams from 4 small local health departments (LHDs) seeking Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition using PHAB Standards & Measures Version 2022. The Pathways program launched in 2022 provides additional supports for improvement of public health practice.
Objective: Given the need to accelerate accreditation among small health departments, the purpose of this study is to share small health departments' strategies for overcoming accreditation challenges and actionable advice for use by other health departments.
Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).
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