Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR3212, Strasbourg 67000, France.
Published: April 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Plasticity is the mechanistic basis of development, aging, learning, and memory, both in healthy and pathological brains. Structural plasticity is rarely accounted for in computational network models due to a lack of insight into the underlying neuronal mechanisms and processes. Little is known about how the rewiring of networks is dynamically regulated. To inform such models, we characterized the time course of neural activity, the expression of synaptic proteins, and neural morphology employing an in vivo optogenetic mouse model. We stimulated pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice and harvested their brains at 1.5 h, 24 h, and $48\,\mathrm{h}$ after stimulation. Stimulus-induced cortical hyperactivity persisted up to 1.5 h and decayed to baseline after $24\,\mathrm{h}$ indicated by c-Fos expression. The synaptic proteins VGLUT1 and PSD-95, in contrast, were upregulated at $24\,\mathrm{h}$ and downregulated at $48\,\mathrm{h}$, respectively. Spine density and spine head volume were also increased at $24\,\mathrm{h}$ and decreased at $48\,\mathrm{h}$. This specific sequence of events reflects a continuous joint evolution of activity and connectivity that is characteristic of the model of homeostatic structural plasticity. Our computer simulations thus corroborate the observed empirical evidence from our animal experiments.
Background: NeoDura (Medprin Biotech Gmbh) is an absorbable dural repair patch consisting of degradable poly-L-lactic acid and porcine gelatin that provides a hermetic closure of the dura mater (Medprin Biotech. Neodura. Dural Repair Patch [Brochure].
Red soil occupies an important position in China's agriculturally cultivated land resources. However, its low pH value, high aluminum concentration, and inefficient phosphorus utilization limit the productivity of acidic red soil farmland. Plant roots exhibit remarkable plasticity, capable of absorbing water and nutrients and modulating root system architecture in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, either autonomously or through rhizosphere microorganisms.
Replacing traditional plastic mulch with fully biodegradable mulch is an important research direction to solve the problem of "white pollution," but whether it can truly realize biodegradation is still the focus of many scholars. In this study, field and indoor experiments were carried out in Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, using poly（butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate） （PBAT） fully biodegradable mulch film and ordinary polyethylene （PE） mulch film, with no mulch film （CK） as the control. Macroscopic characteristics such as the degree of apparent cracking of the mulch film, loss of the mulch film area, and the rate of weight loss were observed, and the results were combined with the results of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, and thermogravimetry （TGR）.
Background: LGBTQ medical students and surgery residents face myriad structural barriers. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) reports 492 pieces of state-level legislation targeting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) people in the past year. These bills including bans on medical care, "don't say gay" bills, exclusion from anti-discrimination protections, and more.
The elevated emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from presynaptic mitochondria is well-documented in several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential role of mitochondrial ROS in presynaptic function and plasticity remains largely understudied beyond the context of disease. Here, we investigated this potential ROS role in presynaptic function and short-term plasticity by combining optogenetics, whole cell electrophysiological recordings, and live confocal imaging using a well-established protocol for induction and measurement of synaptic potentiation in Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions (NMJ).
