Spectrum of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum is an uncommon complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we describe the clinical spectrum and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum in critical care settings.

Materials And Methods: We hereby present a case series of 12 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and developed air leak injuries in critical care settings in a tertiary care center in Northern India. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 was confirmed by nasal/oropharyngeal swab testing using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test. The clinical spectrum and outcomes of these patients were assessed. Each case has been presented as a brief synopsis.

Results: The onset of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum varied from 11 to 28 days after the occurrence of initial symptoms and caused worsening of respiratory parameters in most patients. Of the 12 patients, eight were males who developed air leak injuries. One patient was a current smoker, and three patients had underlying lung disorders. Two patients with spontaneous breathing were managed conservatively. All intubated patients who developed air leak injuries died (100% mortality rate).

Conclusion: Pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum is a rare and life-threatening complication in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology behind the development of air leak injuries in patients with COVID-19.