T cells play a critical role in immune responses against neoplasm. This finding contributed to the immunotherapy development, an effective treatment for many cancers nowadays. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is an inhibitory receptor on T cells which downregulate T-cell function per ligation with its ligands (PDL1 and PDL2). PD1 blockade is used to enhance antitumor immunity. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-PD1 antibody currently used in the management of melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Most of the treatment toxicities are immune-related adverse events, but grade 3-4 toxicities occur in up to 5% of patients, mainly dermatologic. We present a case of grade 4 pembrolizumab-induced liver toxicity associated with an excellent treatment response in a Caucasian woman.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518128 | DOI Listing |
J Microsc Ultrastruct
December 2022
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Background: Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) are frequently implemented in cosmetics, additives, and electronic devices. Moreover, their applications extend to water treatment, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. As a result, NP toxicity became an essential subject in biosafety research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
January 2025
Nanjing Forestry University, College of Science, CHINA.
A series of Dehydroabietylamine (DHAA) C-ring Schiff derivatives, L3-L20, were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell lines cervix HeLa, breast MCF-7, lung A549, liver HepG2, and the nonmalignant cell line umbilical vein HUVEC was investigated. Most of the compounds showed varying degrees of anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines while demonstrating lower toxicity to normal HUVEC cells compared to DHAA and doxorubicin (DOX), especially compound L19, which not only enhanced the anticancer activity of DHAA, but also significantly reduced the toxicity to normal cells, achieving a selectivity index (SI) 118 times higher than that of DHAA and 245 times higher than that of DOX. In addition, compound L19 induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner and arrested the cell cycle in S phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka - Bushenyi, Uganda.
Background: Piperine, a secondary metabolite, affects the antihyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZ). Hyperlipidemia is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are essential for reducing cardiovascular events and patient mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Clin Nutr
January 2025
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Background/objectives: Understanding the dynamic changes in nutritional status of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during chemotherapy is crucial, as it significantly impacts chemotherapy-related toxicity and survival outcomes.
Subjects/methods: This multi-center study included newly diagnosed NHL patients. Nutritional status and chemotherapy-related toxic effects were assessed over the first five chemotherapy sessions, with follow-ups conducted every 3 months.
Cell Rep Med
January 2025
Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is a monogenic disease caused by misfolding of AAT variants resulting in gain-of-toxic aggregation in the liver and loss of monomer activity in the lung leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using high-throughput screening, we discovered a bioactive natural product, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), highly enriched in cruciferous vegetables, including watercress and broccoli, which improves the level of monomer secretion and neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitory activity of AAT-Z through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox sensor protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) A4 (PDIA4). The intracellular polymer burden of AAT-Z can be managed by combination treatment of PEITC and an autophagy activator.
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