AI Article Synopsis
- Sclareol, an antifungal compound from clary sage, is essential for creating ambroxide, a key perfume ingredient, yet its production site within the plant was previously unknown.
- Research using advanced imaging techniques revealed that sclareol mainly accumulates in glandular trichomes, specifically in gland cells where genes related to sclareol biosynthesis are highly expressed.
- Further studies demonstrated that over 90% of sclareol production comes from large capitate trichomes, confirming that the methylerythritol-phosphate pathway is crucial for providing the necessary precursors for sclareol synthesis.
Article Abstract
Sclareol, an antifungal specialized metabolite produced by clary sage, Salvia sclarea, is the starting plant natural molecule used for the hemisynthesis of the perfume ingredient ambroxide. Sclareol is mainly produced in clary sage flower calyces; however, the cellular localization of the sclareol biosynthesis remains unknown. To elucidate the site of sclareol biosynthesis, we analyzed its spatial distribution in the clary sage calyx epidermis using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-FTICR-MSI) and investigated the expression profile of sclareol biosynthesis genes in isolated glandular trichomes (GTs). We showed that sclareol specifically accumulates in GTs' gland cells in which sclareol biosynthesis genes are strongly expressed. We next isolated a glabrous beardless mutant and demonstrate that more than 90% of the sclareol is produced by the large capitate GTs. Feeding experiments, using 1-C-glucose, and specific enzyme inhibitors further revealed that the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) biosynthetic pathway is the main source of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) precursor used for the biosynthesis of sclareol. Our findings demonstrate that sclareol is an MEP-derived diterpene produced by large capitate GTs in clary sage emphasing the role of GTs as biofactories dedicated to the production of specialized metabolites.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484277 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00640-w | DOI Listing |
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