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DNA methylation clocks struggle to distinguish inflammaging from healthy aging, but feature rectification improves coherence and enhances detection of inflammaging.
Geroscience
January 2025
Department of Bioengineering and QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Biological age estimation from DNA methylation and determination of relevant biomarkers is an active research problem which has predominantly been tackled with black-box penalized regression. Machine learning is used to select a small subset of features from hundreds of thousands of CpG probes and to increase generalizability typically lacking with ordinary least-squares regression. Here, we show that such feature selection lacks biological interpretability and relevance in the clocks of the first and next generations and clarify the logic by which these clocks systematically exclude biomarkers of aging and age-related disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSocial isolation during adolescence differentially affects spatial learning in adult male and female mice.
Learn Mem
January 2025
Psychology Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, USA
Social isolation is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to these effects, because they are in a critical period of development marked by significant physical, hormonal, and social changes. However, it is unclear if the effects of social isolation on learning and memory are similar in both sexes or if they persist into adulthood after a period of recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRandle Cycle in Practice: a student exercise to teach glucose- and fatty acid metabolism in fasted, fed and exercised states.
Adv Physiol Educ
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Here we describe an approach and overall concept on how to train undergraduate university students to understand basic regulation and integration of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in response to fasting, intake of carbohydrates and aerobic exercise. During lectures and both theoretical and practical sessions, the students read, analyse, and discuss the fundamentals of Randle cycle. They focus on how metabolism is regulated in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver at a molecular level under various metabolic conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracellular Pocket Conformations Determine Signaling Efficacy through the μ Opioid Receptor.
J Chem Inf Model
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States.
It has been challenging to determine how a ligand that binds to a receptor activates downstream signaling pathways and to predict the strength of signaling. The challenge is compounded by functional selectivity, in which a single ligand binding to a single receptor can activate multiple signaling pathways at different levels. Spectroscopic studies show that in the largest class of cell surface receptors, 7 transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), activation is associated with ligand-induced shifts in the equilibria of intracellular pocket conformations in the absence of transducer proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplementing active learning approach to promote motivation, reduce anxiety, and shape positive attitudes: A case study of EFL learners.
Acta Psychol (Amst)
January 2025
Language and Literature Department, Lorestan University, Iran.
Active Learning (AL) represents a transformative instructional approach that departs from traditional methods by immersing students in experiential learning activities such as problem-solving, discussions, role-plays, interactive engagement, and case studies. Despite its widely recognized potential, the effects of AL on psycho-affective constructs in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts remain underexplored. Hence, this study explored the impact of AL on EFL learners' motivation, attitudes, and anxiety in Iran.
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