<b>Background and Objective:</b> Ureolytic bacteria are bacteria capable of hydrolyzing urea. In construction, these bacteria are known to help improve soil stability. One of the habitats of ureolytic bacteria is cave ornaments such as gourdam, flowstone, stalagmite and stalactite. This study aims to find isolates and characterization of ureolytic bacteria in cave ornaments. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Urea-CaCl<sub>2</sub> was used as the isolation medium and urea agar medium was used as a qualitative urease test for cave ornament bacteria isolate. This study applied a survey method and tested for gram staining, spore staining, mannitol test, catalase test and lactose test for characterization. <b>Results:</b> There were 17 isolates positive for urease from 30 isolates from the isolates of cave ornament bacteria. The characteristics of 17 ureolytic bacteria isolates were 2 isolates gram-negative basil with negative lactose test and 1 isolate positive glucose and 1 isolate negative glucose. Total 15 isolates gram-positive basil with spore staining results, 14 isolates spore-positive with 2 isolates positive mannitol and 12 isolates negative mannitol and 1 isolate spore-negative with negative catalase. <b>Conclusion:</b> Total 17 ureolytic bacteria isolates were found from cave ornaments. Biochemical characterization showed 1 isolate of <i>Proteus</i> spp., 1 isolate of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp, 2 isolates suspected of being <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> or <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, 12 isolates of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and 1 isolate of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.
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Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on a specific bacterial species that can cause opportunistic infections in humans, making it a useful model for understanding how bacteria can switch from living harmlessly to becoming pathogenic.
- Researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genomic sequences of seven bacterial isolates, discovering a complex structure with several extrachromosomal elements, including a new type of mobile genetic element.
- Key findings include the identification of unique virulence genes, notably the URE gene cluster related to ureolytic activity, highlighting the significance of the flexible genome in influencing the bacterium's ability to cause infections.
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