This article describes results from a survey of firefighters designed to identify conditions that contribute to heat strain in structural firefighting. Based on responses from about 3000 firefighters across the USA and Canada, the article provides invaluable information about how firefighters associate environmental conditions, work tasks and other factors with heat strain. One-half of firefighters surveyed have experienced heat stress during their service. They can wear fully deployed turnout gear for 2 h or more at the fire scene, reinforcing the importance of turnout suit breathability as a factor in heat strain. Survey results are useful in weighing the comparative value of total heat loss (THL) and evaporative heat resistance (Ref) for predicting turnout-related heat strain. Survey findings support the inclusion of a performance criterion in the National Fire Protection Association 1971 standard for firefighter personal protective equipment based on limiting Ref of turnout materials along with current THL requirement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1987024 | DOI Listing |
Polymers (Basel)
January 2025
School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
The problem of antibiotic abuse and drug resistance is becoming increasingly serious. In recent years, polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles have been recognized as a potential antimicrobial material for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and unique antimicrobial ability. PDA is capable of rapidly converting light energy into heat energy under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation to kill bacteria efficiently.
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January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
Ultrasonic welding (USW) is considered one of the most suitable methods to join semi-crystalline carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs). The degree of crystallinity (DoC) of the semi-crystalline resin will affect the ultrasonic welding process by affecting the mechanical properties of the base material. In addition, ultrasonic welding parameters will affect the joint performance by affecting the DoC of the welded material at the welding interface.
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January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Cadiz, Spain.
A growing need to reduce the environmental impact and cost of manufacturing stainless steels has led to the development of ferritic stainless steel as an alternative to austenitic and duplex steels. The development of new stainless steels involves the optimization of their hot rolling processes, with the aim of minimizing the occurrence of defects and improving productivity. In this context, numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) is presented as a key tool to reduce the time and cost associated with traditional trial-and-error optimization methods.
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January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Daehak-Ro, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea.
The microstructure of metallic materials plays a crucial role in determining their performance. In order to accurately predict the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and microstructural evolution during the hot deformation process of GCr15 bearing steel, a microstructural evolution model for the DRX process of GCr15 steel was established by combining the level set (LS) method with the Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas dislocation dynamics model. Firstly, hot compression tests were conducted on GCr15 steel using the Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator, and the hardening coefficient and dynamic recovery coefficient of the Yoshie-Laasraoui-Jonas model were derived from the experimental flow stress data.
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January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
In response to the intensifying competition in the mold market and the increasingly stringent specifications of die forgings, the existing 55NiCrMoV7 (MES 1 steel) material can no longer meet the elevated demands of customers. Consequently, this study systematically optimizes the alloy composition of MES 1 steel by precisely adjusting the molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V) contents. The primary objective is to significantly enhance the microstructure and thermal-mechanical fatigue performance of the steel, thereby developing a high-performance, long-life hot working die steel designated as MES 2 steel.
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