Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Profile, and Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts against CCl-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Kaff-e-Maryam ( L.) is extensively used to treat a range of health problems, most notably to ease childbirth and alleviate reproductive system-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic (KEE), and aqueous (KAE) extracts on CCl-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats using the biochemical markers for renal functions and antioxidant status as well as histopathological examinations of kidney tissue. contained 67.49 mg GAE g of total phenolic compounds (TPC), 3.51 µg g of total carotenoids (TC), and 49.78 and 17.45 mg QE g of total flavonoids (TF) and total flavonols (TFL), respectively. It resulted in 128.71 µmol of TE g of DPPH-RSA and 141.92 µmol of TE g of ABTS-RSA. presented superior antioxidant activity by inhibiting linoleic acid radicals and chelating oxidation metals. The HPLC analysis resulted in 9 and 21 phenolic acids and 6 and 2 flavonoids in KEE and KAE with a predominance of sinapic and syringic acids, respectively. Intramuscular injection of vit. E + Se and oral administration of KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE at 250 mg kg body weight significantly restored serum creatinine, urea, K, total protein, and albumin levels. Additionally, they reduced malondialdehyde (MOD), restored reduced-glutathione (GSH), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE protected the kidneys from CCl-nephrotoxicity as they mainly attenuated induced oxidative stress. Total nephroprotection was about 83.27%, 97.62%, and 78.85% for KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE, respectively. Both vit. E + Se and extracts attenuated the histopathological alteration in CCl-treated rats. In conclusion, , especially KAE, has the potential capability to restore oxidative stability and improve kidney function after CCl acute kidney injury better than KEE. Therefore, has the potential to be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.