This paper describes a novel, semiautomated design methodology based on a genetic algorithm (GA) using freeform geometries for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. The proposed method can design MEMS devices comprising freeform geometries and optimize such MEMS devices to provide high sensitivity, large bandwidth, and large fabrication tolerances. The proposed method does not require much computation time or memory. The use of freeform geometries allows more degrees of freedom in the design process, improving the diversity and performance of MEMS devices. A MEMS accelerometer comprising a mechanical motion amplifier is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach. Experimental results show an improvement in the product of sensitivity and bandwidth by 100% and a sensitivity improvement by 141% compared to the case of a device designed with conventional orthogonal shapes. Furthermore, excellent immunities to fabrication tolerance and parameter mismatch are achieved.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41378-020-00214-1 | DOI Listing |
Biofabrication
January 2025
Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, McCullough 246, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305-6104, UNITED STATES.
Advances in biofabrication have enabled the generation of freeform perfusable networks mimicking vasculature. However, key challenges remain in the effective endothelialization of these complex, vascular-like networks, including cell uniformity, seeding efficiency, and the ability to pattern multiple cell types. To overcome these challenges, we present an integrated fabrication and endothelialization strategy to directly generate branched, endothelial cell-lined networks using a diffusion-based, embedded 3D bioprinting process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
December 2024
Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva, n° 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Considering the complexity in terms of design that characterizes the different tissues of the human body, it is necessary to study and develop more precise therapies. In this sense, this article presents the possibility of fabricating photocurable thermosensitive hydrogels with free geometry and based on N-Vinyl Caprolactam (VCL) with the aim of modulating the adhesion of non-planar cell cultures. The fabrication process is based on the use as a mold of two-layer thick water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) previously printed by Extrusion Material (MatEx).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEng Comput
March 2024
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has emerged as a promising approach in the field of structural optimization, benefiting from the seamless integration between the computer-aided design (CAD) geometry and the analysis model by employing non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) as basis functions. However, structural optimization for real-world CAD geometries consisting of multiple non-matching NURBS patches remains a challenging task. In this work, we propose a unified formulation for shape and thickness optimization of separately parametrized shell structures by adopting the free-form deformation (FFD) technique, so that continuity with respect to design variables is preserved at patch intersections during optimization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
February 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Recent advances in photonic optimization have enabled calculation of performance bounds for a wide range of electromagnetic objectives, albeit restricted to single-material systems. Motivated by growing theoretical interest and fabrication advances, we present a framework to bound the performance of photonic heterostructures and apply it to investigate maximum absorption characteristics of multilayer films and compact, free-form multi-material scatterers. Limits predict trends seen in topology-optimized geometries - often coming within factors of two of specific designs - and may be utilized in conjunction with inverse designs to predict when heterostructures are expected to outperform their optimal single-material counterparts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Robot
December 2024
Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre (DManD), Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
Soft robotics hardware, with numerous applications ranging from health care to exploration of unstructured environments, suffers from limited life cycles, which lead to waste generation and poor sustainability. Soft robots combine soft or hybrid components via complex assembly and disassembly workflows, which complicate the repair of broken components, hinder upgradability, and ultimately reduce their life spans. In this work, an advanced extrusion-based additive manufacturing process, in situ free-form liquid three-dimensional printing (iFL3DP), was developed to facilitate functional upgrades and repairs in soft robots.
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