The development of reliable and robust diagnostic tests is one of the most efficient methods to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, most laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), are expensive, time-consuming, and require highly trained professional operators. On the other hand, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a simpler, cheaper device that can be operated by unskilled personnel easily. Unfortunately, the current technique has some limitations, mainly inaccuracy in detection. This review article aims to highlight recent advances in novel lateral flow technologies for detecting SARS-CoV-2 as well as innovative approaches to achieve highly sensitive and specific point-of-care testing. Lastly, we discuss future perspectives on how smartphones and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be integrated to revolutionize disease detection as well as disease control and surveillance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090295 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
Ricin toxin (RT) is a potential bioterrorism agent because of its high potency, extremely small lethal dose, ease of preparation, and notable stability. Therefore, a portable method is urgently required to efficiently detect and determine the presence of toxicity of RT and evaluate its potency for public health monitoring and counter-bioterrorism responses. Currently, enzyme-based assays for detecting RT mainly focus on its -glycosidase activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Numerous studies support the role of dopamine in modulating aggression, but the exact neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) can bidirectionally modulate aggression in male mice in an experience-dependent manner. Although VTA dopaminergic cells strongly influence aggression in novice aggressors, they become ineffective in expert aggressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol Sci
January 2025
Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
The regional differences in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in brain were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in detail with consideration of systemic errors in PET measurement estimated by simulation studies. The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), OEF, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) were measured on healthy men by PET with O-labeled gases. The OEF values in the pons and the parahippocampal gyrus were significantly smaller than in the other brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Chim Acta
January 2025
ARKRAY Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 336, 338, 340, Rd Number 3, GIDC, Sachin, 394230 Surat, Gujarat, India.
A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) employing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) labelled with antibodies has been innovatively designed for the precise detection of Plasmodium falciparum pLDH and HRPII antigen. This study focuses on development of LFIA based on PdNPs detection system to substantially enhance the visual detectability (vLOD), achieving an impressive 12 parasites/microliter (p/µl) vLOD in comparison with conventional system represented 50 p/µl vLOD. The research introduces a novel amplification system that not only heightens the sensitivity of LFIA but also maintains intense coloration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Low Genit Tract Dis
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Objective: Trichomoniasis is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosing trichomoniasis, but it is expensive. Antigen tests are immunochromatographic immunoassays that detect T.
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