Background: Bacterial biofilms are aggregation or collection of different bacterial cells which are covered by self-produced extracellular matrix and are attached to a substratum. Generally, under stress or in unfavorable conditions, free planktonic bacteria transform themselves into bacterial biofilms and become sessile.
Main Body: Various mechanisms involving interaction between antimicrobial and biofilm matrix components, reduced growth rates, and genes conferring antibiotic resistance have been described to contribute to enhanced resistance. Quorum sensing and multi-drug resistance efflux pumps are known to regulate the internal environment within the biofilm as well as biofilm formation; they also protect cells from antibiotic attack or immune attacks. This review summarizes data supporting the importance of exopolysaccharides during biofilm formation and its role in antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions: Involvement of quorum sensing and efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance in association with exopolysaccharides. Also, strategies to overcome or attack biofilms are provided.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8460681 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00242-y | DOI Listing |
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