Bonding analysis in ytterbium(II) distannyl and related tetryls.

The syntheses of the ytterbium(II) distannyl [Yb{Sn(SiMe)}·(thf)] (Yb-Sn) and of its digermyl analogue [Yb{Ge(SiMe)}·(thf)] (Yb-Ge) are presented. The compounds were characterised by multinuclear high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy, including Yb NMR, and by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The bonding and electronic properties of the two complexes, along with those of the known ytterbium(II) disilyl derivative [Yb{Si(SiMe)}·(thf)] (Yb-Si) and those of the congeneric calcium distannyl [Ca{Sn(SiMe)}·(thf)] (Ca-Sn), were investigated in detail by DFT calculations. This analysis points at a primarily ionic Yb-tetrel bonding, with a small covalent contribution, attributed principally to the 5d(Yb) participation. This weak covalent character is found to be larger for the distannyl Yb-Sn than for its lighter Si- and Ge-derivatives. The covalent component is also found to be greater in Yb-Sn than in Ca-Sn, due to the availability of the 5d(Yb) orbitals for bonding.