A flowerlike FePt/MnO/GOx-based cascade nanoreactor with sustainable O supply for synergistic starvation-chemodynamic anticancer therapy.

The development of versatile nanotheranostic agents has received increasing interest in cancer treatment. Herein, in this study, we rationally designed and prepared a novel flowerlike multifunctional cascade nanoreactor, BSA-GOx@MnO@FePt (BGMFP), by integrating glucose oxidase (GOx), manganese dioxide (MnO) and FePt for synergetic cancer treatment with satisfying therapeutic efficiency. In an acidic environment, intratumoral HO could be decomposed to O to accelerate the consumption of glucose catalyzed by GOx to induce cancer starvation. Moreover, the accumulation of gluconic acid and HO generated along with the consumption of glucose would in turn promote the catalytic efficiency of MnO and boost O evolution, which could enhance the efficiency of starvation therapy. Moreover, FePt as an excellent Fenton agent could simultaneously convert HO to the toxic hydroxyl radical (˙OH), subsequently resulting in amplified intracellular oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Therefore, BGMFP could catalyze a cascade of intracellular biochemical reactions and optimize the unique properties of MnO, GOx and FePt mutual promotion of each other to realize O supply, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and starvation therapy. The anticancer results and demonstrated that BGMFP possessed remarkable tumor inhibition capacity through enhancing the starvation therapy and CDT. It is appreciated that BGMFP could be a promising platform for synergetic cancer treatment.