Evolution of transition metal charge states in correlation with the structural and magnetic properties in disordered double perovskites CaLaFeRuO (0.5 ≤ ≤ 2).

A series of disordered CaLaFeRuO, CaLaFeRuO and LaFeRuO double perovskites were prepared by the solid-state reaction method and investigated by neutron powder diffraction, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis at the Ru-K edge, Mössbauer spectroscopy, DC magnetization and resistivity measurements. All compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group down to 3 K, showing a random distribution of Fe and Ru at the B site. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates oxygen deficiency in the Ca-rich and formal oxygen hyperstoichiometry in the La-rich members of the present series. While Mössbauer spectra verify the Fe state for all compositions, the XANES study reveals a variable Ru oxidation state which decreases with increasing La content. The end member actually is a Ru/Ru compound with possibly some cation vacancies. From magnetic susceptibility and neutron diffraction measurements, the presence of a G-type antiferromagnetic ordering was observed with a drastic increase in transition temperature from 275 K (CaLaFeRuO) to 570 K (LaFeRuO). Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms the presence of long-range ordering but, due to local variations in the exchange interactions, the magnetic states are microscopically inhomogeneous. All the samples are variable range hopping semiconductors. A complex interplay between structural features, charge states, anion or cation defects, and atomic disorder determines the magnetic properties of the present disordered 3d/4d double perovskite series.