Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the top 10 burdensome diseases, with the knee the most affected joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows whole-knee assessment, making it ideally suited for imaging OA, considered a multitissue disease. Three-dimensional (3D) MRI enables the comprehensive assessment of OA, including quantitative morphometry of various joint tissues. Manual tissue segmentation on 3D MRI is challenging but may be overcome by advanced automated image analysis methods including artificial intelligence (AI). This review presents examples of the utility of 3D MRI for knee OA, focusing on the articular cartilage, bone, meniscus, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pad, and it highlights several applications of AI that facilitate segmentation, lesion detection, and disease classification.
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