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Bacterial Engulfment Mechanism Is Strongly Conserved in Evolution Between Earthworm and Human Immune Cells. | LitMetric

Bacterial Engulfment Mechanism Is Strongly Conserved in Evolution Between Earthworm and Human Immune Cells.

Front Immunol

Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.

Published: December 2021

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Invertebrates, including earthworms, are applied to study the evolutionarily conserved cellular immune processes. Earthworm immunocytes (so-called coelomocytes) are functionally similar to vertebrate myeloid cells and form the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Hereby, we compared the engulfment mechanisms of THP-1 human monocytic cells, differentiated THP-1 (macrophage-like) cells, and coelomocytes towards and bacteria applying various endocytosis inhibitors [amantadine, 5-(-ethyl--isopropyl) amiloride, colchicine, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, methyl-ß-cyclodextrin, and nystatin]. Subsequently, we investigated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of immune receptor-related molecules (, , ) and the colocalization of lysosomes with engulfed bacteria following uptake inhibition in every cell type. Actin depolymerization by cytochalasin B and D has strongly inhibited the endocytosis of both bacterial strains in the studied cell types, suggesting the conserved role of actin-dependent phagocytosis. Decreased numbers of colocalized lysosomes/bacteria supported these findings. In THP-1 cells expression was increased upon cytochalasin D pretreatment, while this inhibitor caused a dropped expression in differentiated THP-1 cells and coelomocytes. The obtained data reveal further insights into the evolution of phagocytes in eukaryotes. Earthworm and human phagocytes possess analogous mechanisms for bacterial internalization.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8440998PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.733541DOI Listing

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