Interleukin-1β as clinically predictive risk marker for recurrent pregnancy loss in women positive for antinuclear antibody.

Aims: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was found to be associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This study was designed to explore the immunological predictive indicators of RPL in women with positive ANA.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study in a university hospital from March 2020 to January 2021 was performed, including 56 cases of women with RPL and 56 controls matched for age, all of which were positive for ANA. Levels of cytokines, lymphocyte subsets, immune globulin and complement in peripheral blood among two groups were compared. Statistical analyses in this study were performed using SPSS 25.0.

Results: The level of IL-1β was higher in RPL women compared with controls according to univariable analysis and multivariable regression logistic analysis (7.67 [5.86-11.35] vs 5.00 [5.00-5.00], P = .000). After the cut-off value of IL-1β was set as 5.66 pg/mL, the prevalence of RPL was significantly elevated in the high IL-1β group as compared with the low IL-1β group (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity of IL-1β predicting RPL in ANA-positive women were 76.8% and 91.1%, respectively.

Conclusion: Increased IL-1β may play roles in the occurrence of RPL among women with positive ANA. The level of the IL-1β has the potential to be a predictive indicator of RPL in women with positive ANA.