The yield and quality of the skeletal muscle are important economic traits in livestock and poultry production. The musculoskeletal embryonic nuclear protein 1 (MUSTN1) gene has been shown to be associated with embryonic development, postnatal growth, bone and skeletal muscle regeneration; however, its function in the skeletal muscle development of chicken remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we observed that the expression level of MUSTN1 increased in conjunction with the proliferation of chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Knockdown of MUSTN1 in SMSCs downregulated the expression of cell proliferation genes as Pax7, CDK-2 and differentiation-relate genes including MyoD, MyoG, MyHC and MyH1B, whereas it upregulates the expression of cell apoptosis gene (Caspase-3) (P < 0.05). However, the combined analysis of CCK-8 and EdU showed that the cell vitality and EdU-positive cells of the si-MUSTN1 transfected group were significantly lower than those of the negative siRNA group (P < 0.05). In addition, the knockdown of MUSTN1 significantly increased the cell population in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the cell population in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05), whereas the overexpression of MUSTN1 showed opposite effect. Taken together, our findings indicates that MUSTN1 is an important molecular factor that is responsible for regulating muscle growth and development in chickens, particularly, proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs.
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