A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Identification of Biomarkers for Systemic Distribution of Nanovesicles From N6.2. | LitMetric

Identification of Biomarkers for Systemic Distribution of Nanovesicles From N6.2.

Front Immunol

Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Published: December 2021

The ability of bacterial extracellular vesicles (EV) to transport biological molecules has increased the research to determine their potential as therapeutic agents. In this study, N6.2-derived nanovesicles (NV) were characterized to identify components that may serve as biomarkers in host-microbe interactions. Comparative proteomic and lipidomic analyses of N6.2 NV and cell membrane (CM) were performed. The lipidomic profiles indicated that both fractions contained similar lipids, however, significant differences were observed in several classes. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis indicated that NV contained several unique and differentially expressed proteins when compared to the CM. Analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) terms, based on cellular component, showed significant enrichment of proteins in the cytoplasm/intracellular space category for the NV fraction. Based on these results, the proteins T285_RS00825 (named Sdp), Eno3 and LexA were selected for studies of localization and as potential biomarkers for host-microbe interactions. Immunogold staining, followed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively), revealed that Sdp was preferentially localized along the cell wall/membrane, and on NV-like structures surrounding the bacteria. These results were confirmed using immunofluorescence staining in Caco-2 cells incubated with NV. Consequently, we evaluated the potential for NV surface-exposed proteins to generate an immune response in the host. Plasma from individuals administered N6.2 showed that IgA and IgG antibodies were generated against NV and Sdp domains . Altogether, these results show that N6.2 NV have the potential to mediate host interactions through immune modulation.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8438180PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.723433DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

biomarkers host-microbe
8
host-microbe interactions
8
identification biomarkers
4
biomarkers systemic
4
systemic distribution
4
distribution nanovesicles
4
n62
4
nanovesicles n62
4
n62 ability
4
ability bacterial
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!